Trademarks owned by Juniper Networks, Inc. | Applied Marks - Trademark, Domain Name and Social Media Protection for Brands - /\\\ Applied Marks
owned Juniper Networks, Inc. owned Juniper Networks, Inc.

Trademarks owned by 'Juniper Networks, Inc.'

Summary of page content
2004-12-14
3089694
2006-05-09
US
Trademark Image
The mark consists of a leaf like plant in a circle within a square. The words JUNIPER NETWORKS are on the right side of the square.
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for interconnecting, establishing, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local, wide, and global area networks; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for routing, switching, transmitting, processing, filtering, analyzing, securing, and storing data, video or voice traffic, packets, or other forms of communications; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for providing security functionality for networks or electronic devices, such as providing firewall filters, virtual private networks, and protection against network intrusion and viruses; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for use in or with a network; downloadable instructional materials, namely, manuals and guides in the fields of networking, telecommunications, and network security, and establishing, managing, and operating local and wide area network
  • 37
    Building construction; repair; installation services
    [installation, maintenance, and repair services in the fields of computers, telecommunications, networking, communications, and network security]
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    [consulting in the fields of computers, networking, communications, and network security; security services for computer and telephony systems; computer support services in connection with hardware and software for interconnecting, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local and wide area networks and telephony systems; design, testing, engineering, research and advisory services relating to computers, telecommunications, networks, computer software, computer programming, and network security]
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2016-03-03
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2004-12-14
3041530
2006-01-10
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for interconnecting, establishing, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local, wide, and global area networks; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for routing, switching, transmitting, processing, filtering, analyzing, securing, and storing data, video or voice traffic, packets, or other forms of communications; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for providing security functionality for networks or electronic devices, such as providing firewall filters, virtual private networks, and protection against network intrusion and viruses; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for use in or with a network; downloadable instructional materials, namely, manuals and guides in the fields of networking, telecommunications, and network security, and establishing, managing, and operating local and wide area networks
  • 37
    Building construction; repair; installation services
    installation, maintenance, and repair services in the fields of computers, telecommunications, networking, communications, and network security
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    consulting in the fields of computers, networking, communications, and network security; security services for computer and telephony systems; computer support services in connection with hardware and software for interconnecting, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local and wide area networks and telephony systems; design, testing, engineering, research and advisory services relating to computers, telecommunications, networks, computer software, computer programming, and network security
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2016-03-02
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2005-04-17
3178732
2006-11-28
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    [ computer networking hardware for wireless communications; ] computer networking software for wireless communications and connectivity
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2017-06-30
2020-05-31
global solutions services enterprise life systems technology joint center advanced independence mobile management through security freedom data group personal international
2005-04-17
3199891
2007-01-16
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer networking hardware for wireless communications
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2013-08-23
2020-05-31
global solutions services enterprise life systems technology system joint center advanced independence mobile management through security freedom data group personal
2005-04-17
3076739
2006-04-04
US
MP
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer networking hardware for wireless communications
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2012-11-09
2020-05-31
power mil line press max mustang force copier master materials mega care partners michael premium park publishing multicoat technology brite
2005-04-17
3243637
2007-05-22
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware namely, wireless access point (wap) devices for secure wireless local area networks (wlans); computer hardware, namely, wlan controllers
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2013-12-27
2020-05-31
systems global solutions services enterprise life technology system joint center advanced independence mobile management through security freedom data group personal
2005-04-17
3092751
2006-05-16
US
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    technical support services, namely troubleshooting of wireless network problems and monitoring of wireless network systems; technical consultation in the filed of wireless networks
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2012-12-21
2020-05-31
systems 401k aegis atc basic hcm mc2 patient personal premier safety imc courseware eco mortgage disability plan student trapeze lee
2005-05-26
3223994
2007-04-03
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer software for planning, configuring, verifying, managing and optimizing the physical layout of computer networking hardware, namely wireless access point (wap) devices and wireless local area network (wlan) controllers, within a secure wireless computer network infrastructure
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2017-05-24
2020-05-31
rascals riches energy circus trapeze lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines financial gis
2005-07-06
3224037
2007-04-03
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer software for planning, configuring, verifying, managing and optimizing the physical layout of computer networking hardware, namely wireless access point (wap) devices and wireless local area network (wlan) controllers, within a secure wireless computer network infrastructure
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2013-11-08
2020-05-31
mobility tiny system corum methode flying confections artist breeze buddies buddy kitties exchange point software mp mss mx safetynet plus
2004-07-09
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware, peripherals, and software for transmitting and monitoring, measuring, assessing the effect and reporting on the transmission of data, voice, images, video and multimedia content for use in connection with communications networks, to eliminate redundant data transmissions, maximize network bandwidth and increase network capacity, and to configure and deploy applications on remote platforms, and manuals supplied therewith
606
ABANDONED - NO STATEMENT OF USE FILED
2006-09-07
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2004-07-09
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware, peripherals, and software for transmitting and monitoring, measuring, assessing the effect and reporting on the transmission of data, voice, images, video and multimedia content for use in connection with communications networks, to eliminate redundant data transmissions, maximize network bandwidth and increase network capacity, and to configure and deploy applications on remote platforms, and manuals supplied therewith
606
ABANDONED - NO STATEMENT OF USE FILED
2006-09-07
2020-05-31
beverage worlds insider lateral transfer hollow beyond ideas blaster building intelligence action consulting entertainment event management pays pictures point pools
2003-04-10
2958071
2005-05-31
US
MX
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer networking hardware for wireless communications
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2016-01-01
2020-05-31
redi drink cups pro vina series mazda collection motocross corporation system lites vital federal maintenance dirt design 80 alliance championship
2003-06-05
3265635
2007-07-17
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    networking software for wireless communications and connectivity
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2014-02-21
2020-05-31
mobility tiny system corum methode flying confections artist breeze buddies buddy kitties exchange point software mp mx safetynet plus ringmaster
2004-01-26
2947865
2005-05-10
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware, peripherals, and software for transmitting data, voice, images, video and multimedia content for use in connection with communications networks, and manuals sold a unit therewith
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2012-10-05
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2001-09-12
2815709
2004-02-17
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    network equipment, namely, servers and data network hubs; computer hardware and systems, namely, server computers; network access appliances, namely, computer hardware and software for accessing resources on a computer network, and computer hardware and software for protocol conversion, html document modification, user authentication and access privileges to intranet resources, including mail servers, file servers and web servers; computer software, namely, computer software providing for access to resources on a computer network, computer software providing for secure access to resources on a computer network, computer software providing for secure access to corporate networks, and computer software providing for protocol conversion, html document modification, user authentication and access privileges to intranet resources, including mail servers, file servers and web servers
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    computer services, namely, providing network security services; computer consultation, namely, consultation in the field of and network security
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2010-09-24
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2002-06-19
2761776
2003-09-09
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware, computer software and manuals sold as a unit for the operation, management, monitoring or control of electronic communications networks
  • 37
    Building construction; repair; installation services
    [ maintenance and repair services in the fields of computers, networking hardware or communications hardware ]
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    [ consulting in the fields of computers, networking or communications; computer software design for others; maintenance and repair services in the fields of computer networks or communications networks ]
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2013-09-04
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2002-07-25
3096277
2006-05-23
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware; computer software for establishing, enabling, monitoring, and managing wireless communications and connectivity between wireless devices and communications networks
  • 37
    Building construction; repair; installation services
    installation of wireless networks and systems
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    technical support services, namely, troubleshooting of wireless network problems
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2012-12-28
2020-05-31
mobility tiny system corum methode flying confections artist breeze buddies buddy kitties exchange point software mp mss mx safetynet plus
2010-02-23
4129171
2012-04-17
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for interconnecting, establishing, managing, securing, monitoring, troubleshooting, controlling, operating, and accessing local, wide, and global area networks and network infrastructure; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for routing, switching, transmitting, processing, filtering, analyzing, securing, and storing data, video or voice traffic, packets, or other forms of communications; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for providing security functionality for networks or electronic devices or routers in networks, such as providing firewall filters, access control, virtual private networks, interoperability with router security protocols, and protection against network intrusion and viruses; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for use in network management and for use in setting up local, wide and global area networks; downloadable instructional materials, namely, manuals and guidebooks in the fields of networking, telecommunications, and network security, and establishing, managing, and operating local and wide area networks; computer software, namely, operating system software, operating system software that hosts computer software applications and facilitates interactions with other computers and peripherals across enterprise networks; infrastructure components of backbone networks, namely, bridges, switches, routers, management computers, access points, firewalls, network management and stations, and attached components, namely, servers, storage, and mobile devices; computer software for accessing, computer programs for use in accessing, navigating, delivering, and transferring information [, and distributing and viewing computer programs ]; computer programs for use in accessing and viewing computer network infrastructure and systems; programmable and customizable computer software application for management, distribution, and display of content on multimedia devices, namely, mobile devices and video, television; computer hardware and software used alone or in combination for network management
  • 37
    Building construction; repair; installation services
    installation, maintenance, and repair services in the fields of computers, telecommunications, networking, communications, and network security; technical support services, namely, troubleshooting in the nature of the repair of computer hardware
  • 41
    Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities
    education, namely, providing classes, lectures, self study courses, providing tutorial sessions and online video conference sessions, and conducting programs, all on data centers and networking, namely, infrastructure components, design, deployment, configuration, operation, and management; providing of training classes on interconnecting, establishing, managing, securing, monitoring, troubleshooting, operating, and accessing computer hardware and software, peripherals, operating systems, local, wide, and global area networks, network infrastructure, web browsers, and electronic devices; providing online tutorial and training sessions in the field of computer hardware and software, peripherals, operating systems, local, wide, and global area networks, network infrastructure, web browsers, and electronic devices; developing educational manuals for others in the field of computer hardware and software, peripherals, operating systems, local, wide, and global area networks, network infrastructure, web browsers, and electronic devices
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    design and development of computer hardware and software; computer programming; providing consultation services for developing computer systems, networks, network security, and computer software and firmware, namely, application development computer software programs; operation, design and development of computer software applications, namely, network efficiency improvement software; computer technical support services, namely, troubleshooting in connection with diagnosing computer hardware and software problems for interconnecting, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local and wide area networks, computers, and telephony systems; design, testing, engineering, research and advisory services relating to computers, telecommunications technology, telephony systems technology, networks, computer software, computer hardware, computer programming, and network security
702
SECTION 8 & 15-ACCEPTED AND ACKNOWLEDGED
2018-04-05
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
2009-06-03
3731323
2009-12-29
US
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware, namely, firewalls; computer software for the creation of firewalls
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2016-08-05
2020-05-31
power safety manager communications rich fields technology direct solutions link technologies micro royal smart surgical vante industrial weld plus light
2009-07-21
US
Trademark Image
The mark consists of the stylized words JUNIPER NETWORKS. "JUNIPER" appears in large stylized text; the term "NETWORKS" appears in smaller, stylized text below.
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for interconnecting, establishing, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local, wide, and global area networks; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for routing, switching, transmitting, processing, filtering, analyzing, securing, and storing data, video or voice traffic, packets, or other forms of communications; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for providing security functionality for networks or electronic devices, such as providing firewall filters, virtual private networks, and protection against network intrusion and viruses; computer hardware and software, used alone or in combination, for use in or with a network; downloadable instructional materials in the fields of networking, telecommunications, and network security, and establishing, managing, and operating local and wide area networks
  • 37
    Building construction; repair; installation services
    installation, maintenance, and repair services in the fields of computers, telecommunications, networking, communications, and network security
  • 41
    Education; providing of training; entertainment; sporting and cultural activities
    education; providing of training; educational services, namely, providing online tutorial and training sessions in the field of router management services and operating system software programs for router management services; developing educational manuals for others in the field of router management software and services
  • 42
    Scientific and technological services and research and design relating thereto; industrial analysis and research services; design and development of computer hardware and software
    consulting in the fields of computers, networking, communications, and network security; security services for computer and telephony systems; computer support services in connection with hardware and software for interconnecting, managing, securing, monitoring, controlling, operating, and accessing local and wide area networks and telephony systems; design, testing, engineering, research and advisory services relating to computers, telecommunications, networks, computer software, computer programming, and network security
601
ABANDONED - EXPRESS
2010-01-11
2020-05-31
financial community systems lee ridge springs life times avalon brother joes bank breeze canyon collection engines gis green jade lane
First 1 2 3 4 5 Last  3 of 5
NEED HELP? Chat with us online

Copyright 2008 - 2024 Applied Marks Pty Ltd (ACN 134 698 249). All rights reserved. Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Acceptable Use Policy.