Trademarks owned by TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC. | Applied Marks - Trademark, Domain Name and Social Media Protection for Brands - /\\\ Applied Marks
Search | Trademarks | International | Pricing
owned TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC. owned TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Trademarks owned by 'TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.'

Summary of page content
73621076
1986-09-22
1448067
1987-07-21
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOP CARE
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    laundry bleach and automatic dishwashing detergent
  • 4
    Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels (including motor spirit) and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.
    charcoal lighter fluid
  • 6
    Common metals and their alloys; metal building materials; transportable buildings of metal; materials of metal for railway tracks; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; ironmongery, small items of metal hardware; pipes and tubes of metal; safes; goods of common metal not included in other classes; ores.
    aluminum foil
  • 11
    Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes.
    furnace filters
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    decorative paper ribbon, gift wrapping paper, filler paper and facial tissue
  • 21
    Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; brushes (except paint brushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes.
    paper plates
  • 22
    Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks and bags (not included in other classes); padding and stuffing materials (except of rubber or plastics); raw fibrous textile materials
    plastic trash bags
  • 34
    Tobacco; smokers' articles; matches
    cigarette lighters not made of precious metal
900
EXPIRED
2008-04-25
2020-05-31
line flite dog gun bottom tip secret americas table pop notch shelf hat down desk value tree choice pro dollar
73638029
1987-01-02
1448490
1987-07-21
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOPCO
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    paper sacks
  • 20
    Furniture, mirrors, picture frames; goods (not included in other classes) of wood, cork, reed, cane, wicker, horn, bone, ivory, whalebone, shell, amber, mother-of-pearl, meerschaum and substitutes for all these materials, or of plastics
    lawn furniture
  • 31
    Agricultural, horticultural and forestry products and grains not included in other classes; live animals; fresh fruits and vegetables; seeds, natural plants and flowers; foodstuffs for animals, malt
    grass seed
900
EXPIRED
2008-04-25
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
73655317
1987-04-15
1464455
1987-11-10
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOP CREST
Trademark Image
THE MARK COMPRISES "TOP CREST" AND DESIGN.
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    video tapes
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2008-08-16
2020-05-31
line flite dog gun bottom tip secret americas table pop notch shelf hat down desk value tree choice care pro
73682347
1987-09-03
1485800
1988-04-26
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOP CREST
Trademark Image
  • 1
    Chemicals used in industry, science and photography, as well as in agriculture, horticulture and forestry; unprocessed artificial resins, unprocessed plastics; manures; fire extinguishing compositions; tempering and soldering preparations; chemical substances for preserving foodstuffs; tanning substances; adhesives used in industry.
    sensitized photographic film
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2009-01-31
2020-05-31
line flite dog gun bottom tip secret americas table pop notch shelf hat down desk value tree choice care pro
73689582
1987-10-13
1506184
1988-09-27
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
WORLD CLASSICS
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    canned tuna, fruit preserves, canned fruit, canned vegetables, mayonnaise, salad dressings, peanut butter and olive oil
  • 30
    Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee; flour and preparations made from cereals, bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
    tea, coffee, ketchup, cookies, maple syrup and spaghetti sauce
  • 32
    Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic drinks; fruit drinks and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
    fruit juice drink containing water for fruit juice cocktail
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2009-05-16
2020-05-31
collection southern library furniture movie car club century golf old home since authentic kids original childrens international rock sports christmas
73702307
1987-12-21
1520418
1989-01-17
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
MAXXI
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    liquid dish detergent and laundry fabric softener
  • 5
    Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic substances adapted for medical use, food for babies; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.
    [ aspirin ]
  • 9
    Scientific, nautical, surveying, photographic, cinematographic, optical, weighing, measuring, signalling, checking (supervision), life-saving and teaching apparatus and instruments; apparatus and instruments for conducting, switching, transforming, accumulating, regulating or controlling electricity; apparatus for recording, transmission or reproduction of sound or images; magnetic data carriers, recording discs; automatic vending machines and mechanisms for coin-operated apparatus; cash registers, calculating machines, data processing equipment and computers; fire-extinguishing apparatus.
    [ blank video tapes ]
  • 11
    Apparatus for lighting, heating, steam generating, cooking, refrigerating, drying, ventilating, water supply and sanitary purposes.
    [ light bulbs ]
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    [ gift wrapping paper ]
  • 21
    Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; brushes (except paint brushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes.
    paper plates
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    cheese, canned fruits, canned vegetables and frankfurters
  • 30
    Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee; flour and preparations made from cereals, bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
    confectionery ice, salt and catsup
  • 32
    Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic drinks; fruit drinks and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
    [ carbonated soft drinks ]
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2019-08-29
2020-05-31
intimate lightening cream 25 polymer options manager rub tread rx pharmacy hedge tracking system insurance agency sales capital group global
73480822
1984-05-17
1460514
1987-10-13
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
MEGA
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    laundry fabric softener
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    gift wrapping paper
  • 21
    Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; brushes (except paint brushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes.
    [paper plates]
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    cheese, canned fruits and vegetables, and frankfurters
  • 30
    Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee; flour and preparations made from cereals, bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
    confectionery ice, salt and catsup
  • 32
    Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic drinks; fruit drinks and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
    carbonated soft drinks, namely, colas
711
CANCELLED - SECTION 7
2013-11-07
2021-01-19
power plus super ultra system store gel mass rolda gum force international mix ranger bite energy media bloks kgum bucks
73531342
1985-04-08
1392524
1986-05-06
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOP FROST
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    frozen non-dairy whipped topping, frozen fried onion rings, frozen fried potatoes, frozen non-dairy creamer, frozen fried fish sticks and frozen entrees comprised primarily of turkey, chicken, beef, veal, or seafood
  • 30
    Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee; flour and preparations made from cereals, bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
    frozen bread dough, frozen confections, ice cream, ice milk, frozen waffles, frozen fudge bars, frozen pizza, frozen entrees comprised primarily of spaghetti ormacaroni and cheese, and frozen meat pies comprised primarily of beef, turkey or chicken
  • 32
    Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic drinks; fruit drinks and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
    frozen fruit juice concentrate
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2020-03-20
2020-05-31
line flite dog gun bottom tip secret americas table pop notch shelf hat down desk value tree choice care pro
73541812
1985-06-07
1436130
1987-04-14
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOP CARE
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    shampoo, hair rinse, toothpaste, denture cleansers, shaving cream, hair spray, mouthwash, body lotion, body powder, hair conditioner, bath oil, nail polish remover, disposable wipes impregnated with cleaning lotion, deodorant for personal use, rubbing alcohol, cotton balls, witch hazel, cotton swabs, and cosmetic puffs
  • 5
    Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic substances adapted for medical use, food for babies; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.
    pharmaceuticals, healthcare preparations and dietary supplements, namely, merbromin used as a local antiseptic and germicide, peroxide, liquid antacid, analgesics, cold capsules, laxative suppositories, natural vegetable powder, vitamins, zinc oxide ointment, epsom salts, thimerosol, fabric bandages, plastic bandages, stretch gauze bandages, adhesive tape for medical purposes, aspirin, acetaminophen, calamine lotion, sinus tablets, nasal spray, citrate of magnesia used as a laxative, l-lysine, petroleum jelly, iodine, mineral oil, castor oil, appetite suppressants, lecithin, beta carotene, and brewer's yeast sold as a dietary supplement
  • 10
    Surgical, medical, dental and veterinary apparatus and instruments, artificial limbs, eyes and teeth; orthopedic articles; suture materials.
    dental floss
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    disposable paper diapers
  • 21
    Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; brushes (except paint brushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes.
    toothbrushes
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2017-06-19
2020-11-24
line flite dog gun bottom tip secret americas table pop notch shelf hat down desk value tree choice pro dollar
73546900
1985-07-08
1414369
1986-10-21
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
VALU TIME
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    peanut butter, canned luncheon meat, [ polish sausage (kielbasa), frozen turkeys, frozen turkey and salisbury steak dinners, ] tuna, [ smoked sausage, ] frozen whipped topping, [ unflavored and unsweetened gelatin, yogurt, ] frozen vegetables, potato chips, pickles, processed olives, dry soup mix, evaporated milk and dehydrated potatoes
  • 30
    Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee; flour and preparations made from cereals, bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
    [ ice cream, ] ice cream cones, frozen waffles, english muffins, frozen pizza, frozen pie, [ instant pudding, ] crackers, egg noodles, chocolate chips, [ cupcakes, ] frozen pot pies, rolled oats, tomato sauce, table syrup, [ flavored and sweetened gelatin, ] baking cocoa
  • 31
    Agricultural, horticultural and forestry products and grains not included in other classes; live animals; fresh fruits and vegetables; seeds, natural plants and flowers; foodstuffs for animals, malt
    unpopped popcorn
  • 32
    Beers; mineral and aerated waters and other non-alcoholic drinks; fruit drinks and fruit juices; syrups and other preparations for making beverages.
    orange powdered instant breakfast drink, frozen juice concentrate
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2017-06-10
2020-11-24
pet rite king rx pak super plus best cor vision foods home mart drug guide drugs beef full par supplies
73314713
1981-06-15
1203612
1982-08-03
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOPCREST
Trademark Image
  • 21
    Household or kitchen utensils and containers; combs and sponges; brushes (except paint brushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass used in building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes.
    paper plates
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2016-03-18
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
73171576
1978-05-22
1123905
1979-08-14
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
VALU TIME
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    dishwashing detergent
  • 6
    Common metals and their alloys; metal building materials; transportable buildings of metal; materials of metal for railway tracks; non-electric cables and wires of common metal; ironmongery, small items of metal hardware; pipes and tubes of metal; safes; goods of common metal not included in other classes; ores.
    aluminum foil
  • 22
    Ropes, string, nets, tents, awnings, tarpaulins, sails, sacks and bags (not included in other classes); padding and stuffing materials (except of rubber or plastics); raw fibrous textile materials
    trash bags
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    jelly, preserves, canned fruit, canned vegetables, shortening, vegetable oil, dry roasted peanuts, canned mushrooms, salad dressing, non-dairy coffee creamer, franks, bologna, bacon, sour cream, margarine, eggs and cheese
  • 30
    Coffee, tea, cocoa, sugar, rice, tapioca, sago, artificial coffee; flour and preparations made from cereals, bread, pastry and confectionery, ices; honey, treacle; yeast, baking-powder; salt, mustard; vinegar, sauces (condiments); spices; ice
    tea bags, catsup, rice, spaghetti, macaroni, macaroni and cheese dinner mix, cake mixes, frosting mixes, brownie mix, black pepper and cookies
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2019-08-20
2020-11-24
pet rite king rx pak super plus best cor vision foods home mart drug guide drugs beef full par supplies
73204978
1979-02-26
1145752
1981-01-13
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
VALU TIME
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    paper towels, bath tissue, facial tissue and paper napkins
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2010-12-13
2020-11-24
pet rite king rx pak super plus best cor vision foods home mart drug guide drugs beef full par supplies
73205717
1979-03-01
1137171
1980-06-24
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
CHARKING
Trademark Image
  • 4
    Industrial oils and greases; lubricants; dust absorbing, wetting and binding compositions; fuels (including motor spirit) and illuminants; candles and wicks for lighting.
    charcoal briquets
800
REGISTERED AND RENEWED
2020-08-11
2020-11-24
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
72212463
1965-02-19
811727
1966-07-26
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
D'AZUR
  • 25
    Clothing, footwear, headgear.
    women's hosiery and underwear
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2020-03-16
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
72213216
1965-03-03
836050
1967-09-26
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
D'AZUR
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    hair spray, hand lotion, and personal deodorant
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2020-03-16
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
72215059
1965-03-26
812282
1966-08-02
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
ELNA
  • 29
    Meat, fish, poultry and game; meat extracts; preserved, dried and cooked fruits and vegetables; jellies, jams, compotes; eggs, milk and milk products; edible oils and fats
    margarine, cheese, coffee, canned and bottled fruits and fruit juices, canned and bottled vegetables, tomato catsup, canned soups, canned salmon and tuna, dried fruit, olives, mayonnaise and salad dressing, animal fat shortening, macaroni, noodles and spaghetti, flour, pickles, relish, peanut butter, vinegar, preserves, jellies and jams
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2020-03-16
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
72243042
1966-04-08
834338
1967-08-29
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOPCO
  • 16
    Paper, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; bookbinding material; photographs; stationery; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); printers' type; printing blocks.
    clear plastic wrap
710
CANCELLED - SECTION 8
2020-03-16
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
72306960
1968-09-09
866580
1969-03-11
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOPCO
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    toothpaste, denture cream, powdered denture cleanser, denture adhesive, baby powder, shave cream, and personal deodorant
  • 5
    Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic substances adapted for medical use, food for babies; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.
    toothpaste, denture cream, powdered denture cleanser, denture adhesive, baby powder, shave cream, and personal deodorant
900
EXPIRED
2009-10-17
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
72306961
1968-09-09
866895
1969-03-18
US
TOPCO HOLDINGS, INC.
TOPCO
  • 3
    Bleaching preparations and other substances for laundry use; cleaning, polishing, scouring and abrasive preparations; soaps; perfumery, essential oils, cosmetics, hair lotions; dentifrices.
    cotton swabs and cosmetic puffs
  • 5
    Pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations; sanitary preparations for medical purposes; dietetic substances adapted for medical use, food for babies; plasters, materials for dressings; material for stopping teeth, dental wax; disinfectants; preparations for destroying vermin; fungicides, herbicides.
    cotton swabs and cosmetic puffs
900
EXPIRED
2009-10-24
2020-05-31
insurance rx pharmacy hedge tracking system agency sales capital group global energy corporation services bank financial corp investment db gas
First  21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Last  26 of 28
NEED HELP? Chat with us online
Search
Trademarks
Domain Names
Social Media
Compare brands
Browse
All trademarks
iPhone, Nike, Twitter
Google, Pfizer, Microsoft
Register
Trademarks
International Trademarks
Domain Names
Social Media
Company registration
Brand Services
Management
Partner (Reseller or Affiliate)
About Us
About
Contact

Copyright 2008 - 2024 Applied Marks Pty Ltd (ACN 134 698 249). All rights reserved. Terms of Service, Privacy Policy and Acceptable Use Policy.